广西种子植物小资料

几年来,我所在中草药资源调查工作中,发现一些我国及广西未曾记录过的植物,现整理成文,以供有关部门参考。本文引用的标本均收藏在广西中医药研究所植物标本室(GXMI)。 山椒子水番挑(博白)番落技科Annonaceae Uvar花a grandiflora Roxb.in FI.Ind.2:665.1524;李秉滔,植物分类学报14(1):98.2976,蒋英,李秉滔,中国植物志30(2):26,图版10. 1979。 广西东南部:博白县,浪平公社,水库边1971年5月9日,王鉴均2247外北流县,隆盛公社,天堂,坡地疏林中,1977年9月26日北流调查队8一44口7。 分布:广东南部,广西东南部;印度、缅甸、泰国、越南、马来…     

镉胁迫对吊兰及银边吊兰生长及镉富集特性的影响

选择吊兰和银边吊兰为试验材料,采用水培法研究其在不同Cd²⁺处理浓度(0、20、80、200 μmol·L^-1)下生长及生理特性的变化。结果表明: 20 μmol·L^-1镉对两种吊兰的影响较小,单叶面积、总叶面积、叶绿素(Chl)a含量、总叶绿素[Chl (a+b)]含量、类胡萝卜素含量、Chl a/Chl b值、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)和蒸腾速率(T_r)与对照(CK)基本无显著差异;80 μmol·L^-1镉胁迫下两种吊兰叶片初始荧光(F_o)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)升至最高水平;200 μmol·L^-1镉胁迫下,两种吊兰生物量、叶绿素含量、最大净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(g_s)、最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子产量Y_(II)、转移系数(TF)以及各部分生物量均降至最低水平,而两种吊兰的过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和银边吊兰的丙二醛(MDA)含量均有不同程度的增加。随着镉处理浓度的增加,两种吊兰各器官Cd含量持续升高,且主要富集在根部;吊兰各器官Cd含量及富集系数(BCF)在胁迫处理下均高于银边吊兰。研究表明,两种吊兰对镉具有一定的耐性,其中吊兰对Cd的耐受能力强于银边吊兰,可考虑作为绿化植物用于修复镉污染水体或土壤。     

宽叶吊兰叶绿素生物合成的昼夜节律变化

在被子植物中,从谷氨酰-tRNA到叶绿素的生物合成是由许多酶催化的级联反应,其中间代谢产物具有较强的光反应活性和细胞毒性,因此这一过程在细胞内受到严格的调控。本研究通过检测宽叶吊兰叶片叶绿素生物合成途径的14种中间产物含量随昼夜节律的变化,探讨昼夜节律对宽叶吊兰叶绿素生物合成的影响。结果表明,中间产物ALA(δ-氨基乙酰丙酸)、PBG(胆色素原)、ProtoⅨ(原卟啉Ⅸ)、Heme(血红素)、Mg-ProtoⅨ(镁原卟啉Ⅸ)、Chlide a(叶绿素酸酯a)、Chlide b(叶绿素酸酯b)、Chl a(叶绿素a)、Chl b(叶绿素b)受光诱导,而UrogenⅢ(尿卟啉Ⅲ)、CoprogenⅢ(粪卟啉Ⅲ)和Pchlide(原叶绿素酸脂)受黑暗诱导,尤其是Pchlide在黑暗中的积累量显著增加;Mpe(镁原卟啉Ⅸ单甲酯)和Mpde(镁原卟啉Ⅸ二酯)具有2个积累峰值,分别出现在中午12∶00和夜间24∶00。说明叶绿素生物合成受昼夜节律的调控,但其中间代谢产物含量的变化规律与昼夜节律并不完全一致。     

Cytomixis impairs meiosis and influences reproductive success inChlorophytum comosum (Thunb) Jacq. — An additional strategy and possible implications

Spontaneous intercellular chromatin migration/cytomixis was observed to occur in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of theChlorophytum comosum for the first time. The migration through cytomictic channels was more pronounced in meiosis-I and very rare in meiosis-II. The process was associated with erratic meiosis, which was characterized by defects in chromosome organization and segregation. Cytomixis was more intense in the month of April than in July and consequently the frequency of meiotic irregularities was much more pronounced during the month of April. As a consequence of abnormal meiosis, fertility was drastically reduced resulting in meager seed efficiency of 17% only. Recombination system also does not guarantee the release of sufficient variability. We view the phenomenon of cytomixis as genetically controlled mechanism involving meiotic genes and operating through signal transduction pathway triggered by the environmental stimuli. The evolutionary significance and tenable hypothesis in the backdrop of existing literature is also proposed.     

Cytological evidence for preservation of mitochondrial and plastid DNA in the mature generative cells of Chlorophytum spp. (Liliaceae)

Summary.  Following 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining of mature pollen grains of Chlorophytum comosum, fluorescence microscopy confirmed that cytoplasmic nucleoids (DNA aggregates) were present in the generative cells, which indicated the possibility of biparental cytoplasmic inheritance. Electron and immuno-electron microscopy showed that both plastids and mitochondria were present in the generative cells, and both organelles contained DNA. These results indicate that mitochondria and plastids of C. comosum have the potential for biparental inheritance. Similar results were obtained with mature pollen grains of C. chinense. Therefore, we conclude the coincident biparental inheritance for mitochondria and plastids in the members of the genus Chlorophytum. Received June 28, 2002; accepted September 26, 2002; published online April 2, 2003 RID="*" ID="*" Correspondence and reprints: College of Life Science, Peking University, Bejing 100871, People's Republic of China.     

Actomyosin is involved in the plasmolytic cycle: gliding movement of the deplasmolyzing protoplast

Summary.  The leaf cells of Chlorophytum comosum seem to have the ability to regulate their protoplast volume and shape during the plasmolytic cycle. This phenomenon was morphologically expressed by the stabilization of the plasmolyzed protoplast volume and shape within 1–5 min after the immersion of the leaf segments in the plasmolytic fluid and temporarily at the onset of deplasmolysis. During the latter stage the plasmolyzed protoplast rounded up and assumed a perfectly convex shape and glided into the cell lumen along the cell axis. This gliding movement was active, nonsaltatory, and conducted with a constant velocity and lasted for a short time. During this movement the protoplast volume did not change appreciably. As far as we know, this movement has not been described so far. Deplasmolysis proceeded and was rapidly completed when the protoplast stopped moving. Leaf cells which have been affected by an antiactin filament drug or myosin inhibitors lost their ability to regulate the volume and shape of the plasmolyzing protoplast. In addition, the gliding protoplast movement was also inhibited in the treated cells. These data show for the first time that the actomyosin system is involved in the mechanism of volume regulation during the plasmolytic cycle and that it underlies the gliding movement of the deplasmolyzing protoplast. Received June 3, 2002; accepted September 26, 2002; published online April 2, 2003 RID="*" ID="*" Correspondence and reprints: Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece. E-mail: bgalatis@biol.uoa.gr     

吊兰染色体核型分析

对吊兰体细胞染色体计数,并进行核型分析。结果表明,吊兰染色体数目为2n=28;核型公式为2n=2x=28=4m+14sm+10st;染色体相对长度组成为2n=28=4L+14M2+10M1,属于3B型;全组染色体总长73.84μm,长臂总长为53.59μm;核型不对称系数为72.58%;染色体总体积为101.94μm³。     

不同品种吊兰根初生木质部原型的观察与比较

以3个品种吊兰(金边吊兰、银心吊兰、银边吊兰)为材料,采用徒手切片的方法研究了吊兰根初生木质部原型与品种、生境及根直径的t关系。结果表明,不同品种的吊兰根初生木质部原型存在着差异;在水培条件下,吊兰根初生木质部原型与土培条件下的不同,水培条件下的根初生木质部束远少于土培条件;在水培条件下,吊兰根初生木质部原型与根的直径存在正相关关系,但是在土培条件下银心吊兰和银边吊兰根初生木质部原型则和根的直径没有关系。     

Cytotaxonomic studies of six Indian species of Chlorophytum

Taxonomy of six species of Chlorophytum (Liliaceae) from India has been reassessed in the light of their morphological and cytological characters. C. tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker (2 n = 16), a wide-spread species, is morphologically well defined but C. bharuchae Ansari, Raghavan & Hemadri (2 n = 16) has been confused with C. glaucum Dalz. and C. glaucoides Blatter (both 2 n = 42) by earlier workers. C. malabaricum Baker (2 n = 42) is a delicate species and occurs in the Nilgiris and the Western ghats. Two closely allied species, C. nepalense (Lindley) Baker and C. khasianum Hooker fil. (both 2 n = 56) are distributed in Eastern India. The first two species, with 2 n = 16, have been considered as at the diploid level with base number 8 while the rest of them appear to be autoallopolyploids with base number 7.